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Bangga Sebab DNA Manusia Indonesia (Selamat Ulang Tahun Indonesia!)

Redaksi Sulindo by Redaksi Sulindo
7 Oktober 2021
in Esai, Sosial Budaya
0
Bangga Sebab DNA Manusia Indonesia (Selamat Ulang Tahun Indonesia!)

(foto: HarapanRakyat.com)

Koran Sulindo – Untuk mengungkap asal-usul manusia lewat DNA mitokondria, Max Ingman, doktor genetik asal Amerika Serikat dalam tulisan bertajuk “Mitochondrial DNA Clarifies Human Evolution” pernah mengungkapkan, bahwa manusia modern berevolusi dari salah satu tempat di Afrika antara kurun waktu 100 – 200 ribu tahun lalu. Dari situ moyang manusia masa kini itu lantas menyebar dan mendiami tempat-tempat di luar Afrika.

Gen manusia modern ini tidak bercampur dengan gen spesies manusia kuno. Teori penyebaran manusia ini dikenal dengan hipotesis Out of Africa dan disokong oleh bukti-bukti genetik yang telah ditemukan.

(foto: hipwee.com)

Di Indonesia mtDNA dipakai untuk melacak jejak gen manusia purba. Hal itulah yang dikerjakan oleh Wuryantari, dalam melakukan penelitian untuk menjawab pertanyaan apakah manusia dari situs Plawangan, Rembang (Jawa Tengah) yang hidup sekitar 2.400 – 3.500 tahun lalu dan Gilimanuk (Bali) sekitar 2.320 – 1.215 tahun lalu merupakan nenek moyang populasi orang Jawa dan Bali masa kini.

Variasi DNA bisa menunjukkan struktur kekerabatan populasi, pola migrasi, hingga penyakitnya. Asal-usul kita dipengaruhi migrasi para leluhur yang kemudian diwariskan ke tiap generasi. Ada Afrika, Asia daratan yang turun hingga Filipina, India, dan Arab. Untuk Arab juga bukan yang seluruhnya asli. Gelombang migrasi inilah yang memberikan keragaman DNA.

Dengan keragaman ini, tidak heran bila orang Indonesia memiliki DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) yang kompleks. Hal ini juga jadi jawaban bahwa sebetulnya tidak ada suku tertentu yang bisa dibilang menjadi asal mula atau pribumi orang Indonesia.

Prof Dr Herawati Aru Sudoyo, Deputi Fundamental Eijkman Institute mengatakan, tes DNA dilakukan untuk mengetahui lebih jauh tentang asal usul orang Indonesia dan menilik kembali siapa nenek moyang kita. Sudah 1,5 dekade terakhir, Lembaga Biologi Molekuler (LBM) Eijkman meneliti hal itu. Secara genetik, asal usul orang Indonesia itu beragam.

Hasil uji DNA ini membuktikan adanya hubungan darah antara penduduk Madagaskar dan Indonesia. Hasil pemetaan genetik di Indonesia terdahulu memperlihatkan gambaran sejajar antara penyebaran bahasa dengan penyebaran variasi genetik.

Baca Juga Zaman VOC, Saudagar Pribumi Melongo Jadi Penonton

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