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On This Day : 1 September 1939 – Invasi Polandia, Dimulainya Perang Dunia II

Redaksi Sulindo by Redaksi Sulindo
1 September 2021
in Headline, Luar Negeri
0
On This Day : 1 September 1939 – Invasi Polandia, Dimulainya Perang Dunia II

(foto: Wallpapersun.com)

Suluh Indonesia – Invasi Polandia yang dimulai pada tanggal 1 September juga dikenal sebagai September Campaign, 1939 Defensif War atau Polandia Campaign merupakan serangan terhadap Republik Polandia oleh Nazi Jerman dan Uni Soviet, serta menandai dimulainya Perang Dunia II.

Invasi Jerman terhadap Polandia ini dimulai pada 1 September 1939, yaitu tepat satu minggu setelah penandatanganan Pakta Molotov–Ribbentrop dan satu hari setelah Dewan Tertinggi Uni Soviet menyetujui pakta tersebut. Pakta ini merupakan pakta non-agresi antara Jerman dan Uni Soviet, perjanjian tidak akan saling menyerang secara langsung maupun tidak langsung antara Jerman dan Uni Soviet.

Pasukan Jerman menyerbu Polandia dari utara, selatan, dan barat pada pagi hari setelah insiden Gleiwitz. Pasukan militer Slovakia maju bersama Jerman di Slovakia utara. Saat Wehrmacht maju, pasukan Polandia menarik diri dari pangkalan garis depan mereka yang dekat dengan perbatasan Jerman–Polandia ke garis pertahanan yang lebih aman di timur.

Setelah kekalahan Polandia pada pertengahan September, dalam Pertempuran Bzura, oleh Jerman, pasukan Polandia kemudian mundur ke tenggara di mana mereka bersiap untuk mempertahankan Jembatan Rumania dan menunggu dukungan dan bantuan yang diharapkan dari Perancis dan Inggris.

Perancis dan Inggris memiliki perjanjian dengan Polandia serta telah menyatakan perang terhadap Jerman pada tanggal 3 September; pada akhirnya mereka mengirim bantuan ke Polandia namun dengan kondisi yang sangat terbatas, bahkan Prancis sempat menginvasi sebagian kecil Jerman dalam Serangan Saar.

Kemudian pada tanggal 17 September, Tentara Merah Soviet masuk dan menginvasi Polandia Timur, wilayah di luar Garis Curzon yang jatuh ke dalam “lingkup pengaruh” Soviet; ini membuat rencana pertahanan Polandia menjadi tak berarti. Menghadapi front kedua ini, pemerintah Polandia menyimpulkan bahwa pertahanan atas Jembatan Rumania tidak lagi layak dan memerintahkan evakuasi darurat semua pasukannya ke Rumania yang netral.

Akhirnya pada tanggal 6 Oktober, setelah kekalahan Polandia pada Pertempuran Kock, pasukan Jerman dan Soviet memperoleh kendali penuh atas Polandia, membagi dan mencaplok seluruh Polandia di bawah ketentuan Perjanjian Perbatasan Jerman-Soviet. Keberhasilan invasi ini menandai berakhirnya Republik Polandia Kedua, meskipun Polandia tidak pernah secara resmi menyerah. [NoE]

Tags: #InvasiPolandia#perangdunia2#SeptemberCampaign1939
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