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Presidential Threshold: Upaya Konsolidasi Demokrasi atau Jalan Lahirkan Kediktatoran?

Redaksi Sulindo by Redaksi Sulindo
7 Oktober 2021
in Berita, Featured, Headline, Politik dan Hukum
0
Presidential Threshold: Upaya Konsolidasi Demokrasi atau Jalan Lahirkan Kediktatoran?

Pada Juli 2017 lalu, ahli hukum tata negara dari Universitas Indonesia, Profesor Satya Arinanto, juga berpendapat presidential threshold atau ambang batas pencalonan presiden diperlukan. Karena, pemilu tak hanya soal mengutarakan pendapat dan menyatakan pilihan politik, tapi juga konsolidasi demokrasi. “Harus ada threshold, tapi angkanya terserah berapa,” kata Satya pada diskusi “Solusi Universitas Indonesia untuk Indonesia” di Jakarta, 18 Juli 2017.

Dijelaskan Satya, pandangannya tersebut didasarkan pada pengalaman Mahkamah Konstitusi Jerman dalam memutuskan kasus gugatan Partai Bavaria. “Dulunya, Partai Bavaria kuat, tapi pas pemilu ternyata perolehan suaranya gak sampai lima persen. Lalu, mereka menggugat ke MK. Yang digugat, di konstitusi tak ada ketentuan lima persen. Jadi, yang digugat persennya itu. Nah, MK menolak karena pemilu bukan semata–mata alat untuk menyampaikan pendapat atau pilihan politik, tapi juga integrasi demokrasi,” kata Satya.

Menurut Satya, pengertian konsolidasi demokrasi dalam konteks Indonesia adalah koalisi antar-partai politik. Partai-partai yang semula berbeda program kerja bersatu untuk menyamakan program kerja masing-masing. “Menurut saya, sepanjang koalisinya tidak transaksional, itu bagus. Tapi, memang, kenyataannya sekarang kan tidak,” katanya.

Dalam diskusi itu, Titi Anggraini dari Perludem juga mengungkapkan, kasus Jerman tak bisa diperbandingkan dengan Indonesia. Jerman menganut sistem parlementer, dengan pemilihan presiden dan pemilihan legislatif terpisah dan menerapkan sistem pemilu mixed member proportional (MMP). Akan halnya Indonesia menganut sistem presidensil dengan pemilu serentak dan sistem pemilu proportional representative (PR). Konsolidasi demokrasi ke depan tak semestinya diikat dengan hasil perolehan suara atau kursi parlemen pada konsolidasi demokrasi yang lalu.

“Yang Profesor Satya maksud itu election threshold, itu angkanya lima persen. Jadi, partai di Bundestag hanya akan diikutkan pada perolehan kursi kalau suara yang mencoblos lambang partai adalah lima persen. Penentuan kursi di Jerman didasarkan dari seberapa banyak yang nyoblos lambang partai,” tutur Titi. [RAF]

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Tags: #MahfudMD#PresidentialThreshold#SaldiIsra#SatyaArinanto#TitiAnggrainiEmir MoeisYusrilIhzaMahendra
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