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Banyak Suara Terbuang dalam Pemilihan Umum Indonesia

Redaksi Sulindo by Redaksi Sulindo
7 Oktober 2021
in Berita, Politik dan Hukum
0
Banyak Suara Terbuang dalam Pemilihan Umum Indonesia

Kampanye Pemilihan Umum 1999. (Foto: Sulindo)

Koran Sulindo – Tingginya persentase parlieamentary threshold dan electoral threshold yang diterapkan mengakibatkan suara yang terbuang menjadi cukup banyak. Hal tersebut menyebabkan hasil pemilihan umum tidak proporsional karena tidak mewakili suara rakyat yang sesungguhnya. “Hal ini dapat mengakibatkan tidak terselenggarakannya praktik demokrasi,” kata Sunny Ummul Firdaus, SH, MH, saat ujian terbuka program doktor di Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada, 30 Mei lalu.

Lebih lanjut diungkapkan Sunny dalam disertasinya yang berjudul ‘Pembatasan Hak Politik dalam Sistem Demokrasi di Indonesia’, dalam pelaksanaan parliamentary threshold pascareformasi selalu terjadi perubahan dalam penetapan besaran ambang batasan parlemen dan ambang batas peserta pemiihan umum. Pada Pemilu 1999 yang dilaksanakan tanpa ambang batas dihasilkan jumlah suara terbuang 3,55%. Kemudian, Pemilu 2004 dengan ambang batas parlemen 3% menghasilkan 17,33% suara terbuang. Pemilu 2009 dengan ambang batas parlemen 2,5% menghasilkan jumlah suara terbuang sebanyak 18,31%.

“Jika dikomparasi dengan teori ambang batas perwakilan optimal yang diformulasikan Taagepera, ambang batas 2,5 persen sudah sangat melampaui ambang batas optimal,” kata Sunny lagi.

Dosen Fakultas Hukum Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS) Solo, Jawa Tengah, ini lantas menyimpulkan, semakin besar angka ambang batas akan memperbanyak suara terbuang. Banyaknya suara terbuang, tuturnya, mengakibatkan banyak suara yang tidak terwakili. Hal ini bertentangan dengan Pasal 1 ayat 2 UUD RI 1945 yang menyatakan “Kedaulatan berada di tangan rakyat dan dilaksanakan menurut Undang-Undang Dasar”. Desain Pasal 1 ayat 2 UUD 1945 menjelaskan, makna kedaulatan rakyat di antaranya dilakukan melalui pemilihan umum yang mengacu pada asas-asas pemilihan umum.

“Alasan konstitusionalnya: suara terbuang merupakan penghilangan hak warga negara untuk memilih. Hak ini  terdapat dalam hak-hak warga negara yang dijamin konstitusi berupa persamaan kedudukan didalam hukum dan pemerintahan,” ujarnya. [YUK]

Tags: #SunnyUmmulFirdaus
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