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Politik Akal Sehat

Suluh Indonesia by Suluh Indonesia
31 Oktober 2021
in Headline, Politik dan Hukum
0
ilustrasi - Akal Sehat

ilustrasi - Akal Sehat (sumber osolihin.wordpress.com)

Politik akal sehat tampaknya sedang memasuki ruang gawat darurat di negeri ini. Ibukota negara sebagai ibu teladan menjelma jadi ibu pesakitan. 

Berbagai bentuk pilihan dan kebijakan publik tidak memenuhi asas-asas nalar publik yang sehat–dengan tendensi pengabaian empat prinsip utama politik responsif: rasionalitas, efisiensi, keadilan dan kebebasan. 

Bahwa politik responsif harus pertimbangkan rasionalitas publik tanpa kesemena-menaan membuat kebijakan; adaptabilitas kebijakan dan institusi politik terhadap keadaan; senasib sepenanggungan dalam keuntungan dan beban; persetujuan partisipatif rakyat terhadap (kebijakan) pemerintah. 

Politik responsif menghendaki agar perkembangan demokrasi tak berhenti sebatas demokrasi minimalis yang elitis, tetapi menjadi demokrasi deliberatif (permusyawaratan) yang dipimpin hikmat-kebijaksanaan. 

Demokrasi elitis, sebagaimana dikonseptualisasikan Joseph Schumpeter, mengerdilkan demokrasi sebatas metode prosedural, melupakan substansi berkaitan dengan tujuan kesejahteraan atau perbaikan nasib rakyat. Demokrasi hanyalah seperangkat prosedur sebagai wahana keputusan diambil dan kebijakan dihasilkan. 

Kedua, konsep politik dianalogikan dengan konsep ekonomi pasar. Kompetisi politik berhubungan erat dengan kompetisi ekonomi. Demokrasi elitis menempatkan demokrasi sebagai arena kompetisi bagi elit terbatas dan teratas. Politisinya pengusaha, wakil rakyatnya saudagar, voternya konsumen. 

Ketiga, demokrasi elitis berbeda tipis dengan sistem totalitarianisme sebatas bahwa pemimpin dari demokrasi elitis diajukan, sementara dalam sistem kediktatoran berdasarkan pemaksaan. 

Keempat, rakyat umum memiliki peranan minimal. Rakyat hanya datang ke pemilu untuk memilih wakilnya namun mereka tidak dapat “menentukan” dan berpartisipasi dalam pengambilan kebijakan.

Demokrasi deliberatif bermaksud mengatasi kekurangan demokrasi elitis dengan memandang kebebasan individu dan kesetaraan politik sebagai hal penting sejauh dapat mendorong kemampuan manusia untuk membentuk tatanan kolektif yang berkeadilan melalui deliberasi rasional. [Yudi Latif]

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